Data & resources
Publications
The Green Climate Fund issues a range of publications for our direct and indirect stakeholders on a diversity of issues – for the general public to industry experts. Stay in tune with our mission and activities around the planet with the issues that speak to you.
Featured publications
Annual Report 2023
2023 was a pivotal year for the Green Climate Fund (GCF), which saw several milestones: the culmination of its 2020-2023 programming period with a maturing portfolio of USD 13.5 billion invested in 243 projects across 129 developing countries; a
Read more
Debt for climate swaps: exploring avenues and opportunities
The intersection of escalating public debt and the deepening climate crisis presents a dual challenge of paramount significance, particularly in Lower-Income Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States.
Read more
GCF at a glance: Performance metrics
This publication provides a detailed breakdown of performance metrics that show GCF’s operational progress as we seek to deliver climate finance more quickly and with greater impact.
Read more
GCF: Catalysing finance for climate solutions
The window to address the climate crisis is rapidly shrinking. Floods, droughts, heatwaves, extreme storms, and wildfires are breaking records with alarming frequency around the world.
Read more
GCF at a glance
This publication is a useful reference of GCF's portfolio, providing an overview of GCF's projects and programmes, geographic distribution, and breakdowns of GCF funding.
Read more
ASEAN Catalytic Green Finance Facility (ACGF)
February 2022
Economic growth in developing countries in Southeast Asia must be de- coupled from carbon emissions to support the climate transition. In the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia, fossil fuels dominate the power supply, and there is an increasing demand for passenger and freight transport. Deforestation and forest degradation continue to destroy critical carbon sinks across Cambodia, Indonesia, and Lao PDR. Southeast Asia also presents fast-changing climatic vulnerabilities, with average...
The Global Subnational Climate Fund (SnCF GLOBAL)
February 2022
Climate action means local action: 70% of climate solutions fall under the boundaries of sub-national authorities. But there is a chronic shortage of private finance for such local solutions, since investors prefer larger investments that are perceived as safer. Structuring and de-risking sub- national projects is essential to catalyse funding from both private and public investors.
GCF in Brief: Direct access
December 2021
One of the Green Climate Fund’s distinctive features is the provision for developing countries to access financial resources through national entities, meaning that climate finance can be channelled to the country directly. This factsheet explains how direct access works and the support provided for direct access Accredited Entities.
GCF in Brief: Complementarity and coherence
December 2021
GCF is committed to ensuring that our activities complement those of other funds, and that together we have a coherent approach to supporting the climate ambitions of developing countries. Complementarity refers to synergies among the various climate funds’ activities in similar sectors and themes (adaptation or mitigation), and even across regions of similar characteristics, with the aim of scaling up transformative actions. Coherence is about using country programming to seek alignment with...
Accelerating and scaling up climate innovation: How the Green Climate Fund’s approach can deliver new climate solutions for developing countries
November 2021
Climate innovation is critical to avert catastrophic climate change, but investment in new climate solutions is hampered by a range of barriers. This Working Paper first identifies the main barriers to climate innovation in developing countries, focusing on each stage of the innovation chain, from the emergence of innovation to its deployment and eventual widespread adoption. Many of these barriers are related to the policy and regulatory environment as well as to technical and macro-economic...
Towards a Long-Term Vision on Complementarity GEF and GCF Collaboration
November 2021
This document presents a Long-Term Vision on Complementarity and Coherence collaboration between the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF), herein after referred to as LTV. This new vision aims to build on the Pilot Coordinated Engagement exercise the GCF and GEF have been carrying out since 2018, and further define specific areas of cooperation, where complementarity of action might be most efficient and effective, and possible modalities to generate long-lasting...
Enhancing Direct Access Guidelines
November 2021
The Green Climate Fund (GCF), Enhancing Direct Access (EDA) pilot intends to boost access by sub-national, national and regional, public, and private entities to GCF climate finance. EDA promotes country ownership of projects and programmes and devolves decision-making to local actors. This publication provides non-prescriptive guidance about how to structure an EDA Pilot intervention. It is primarily intended to support GCF Direct Access Entities (DAEs), National Designated Authorities and...
Upscaling climate resilience measures in the dry corridor agroecosystems of El Salvador (RECLIMA)
October 2021
Located in the dry corridor of Central America, El Salvador is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate risks in the world. At present, it is already facing water stress, with the per capita availability of freshwater well below the critical threshold of 1,700cubic metres per capita per year. Projected increases in the variability of rainfall, temperature, and occurrence of extreme weather events threaten the food and water security of farming ...
Thematic brief: Oceans
October 2021
Oceans and coastal ecosystems cover more than 70 percent of the Earth’s surface, providing a natural asset of enormous significance to protect our planet, preserve and enhance local economic growth, promote regional stability and conserve global biodiversity. This generates vital ecosystem goods and services that support our future, such as climate and temperature regulation, absorption of carbon emissions, fisheries, food security, coastal protection, tourism services and jobs. Marine...
Thematic brief: Leveraging equity finance to scale up climate innovation & investment
October 2021
Over the past decade, blended finance – which uses public funds to share risk and crowd-in private investment through co-financing - has usually taken the form of relatively safe senior debt rather than more risky instruments such as equity or guarantees that could have higher leveraging ratios and better meet the needs of private investors to finance the emergence, deployment and widespread adoption of new climate solutions. Equity is essential for young companies, particularly in developing...
Thematic brief: Agriculture and food security
October 2021
Farmers are facing unprecedented interlinked global shocks and challenges that threaten the gains in global food security and poverty reduction in recent years. Since most agriculture is rainfed in developing countries, climate change directly impacts agriculture by increasing temperatures and changing when and how much it rains. Most of the seeds, animals, and farming practices providing the world’s food are less productive as the climate changes, having been developed for past climates. Hence...
Cooling facility
October 2021
As global temperatures increase and the demand for cooling rises, so do the emission levels of greenhouse and fluorinated gases, which have a very high global warming potential. Reports cite that at 1.5°C of warming – a threshold that could be reached by 2030 - 2.3 billion people could be vulnerable to illness and death from heatwave events (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2019) and productivity loss could be the equivalent of 80 million full-time jobs (International Labor...
Global fund for coral reefs investment window (GFCR)
October 2021
Coral reefs are among the world’s most threatened ecosystems by climate change impacts. And drivers such as overfishing, agricultural run-off, sewage discharge and unsustainable tourism degrade the coral reefs, further decreasing their chance of survival. Studies have shown that local management of such threats can alleviate the impacts of climate change on the coral reefs. Thus, supporting and providing capital to businesses and companies for the sustainable use of ocean resources can...
The Amazon bioeconomy fund
October 2021
Home to the world’s largest tropical forest, the Amazon is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. The combination of increased temperatures and human-induced deforestation are creating adverse climate feedback loops. Increasingly warmer and drier conditions will further result in forest degradation and loss of ecological functions, ultimatelybringingtheAmazonforeststothepointofnoreturn. Known as the tipping point, there may come a time when the forests die and are replaced by dry savannah...
Thematic brief: Adaptation
October 2021
The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is committed to investing in developing countries’ efforts to adapt to the effects of climate change. GCF is delivering on our targets for adaptation and resilience by ensuring a 50/50 balance in allocation of funding between mitigation and adaptation projects, with over 50% of adaptation funding going to Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) and African States. The Fund is uniquely placed to attract private investment by de-...
SAP Compendium
September 2021
A key element that drives the simplification of the preparation of a SAP proposal is the clarity, at the onset, of what are the activities that can be eligible for the GCF simplified approval. This is one of the main elements that this Compendium offers to all those involved in originating a SAP intervention. If you work in a GCF Accredited Entity, or if you are a GCF National Designated Authority or Focal Point, or a consultant involved in preparing a GCF SAP project, thisCompendium is ...
Sectoral guide: Agriculture and food security
September 2021
Agriculture is central to food and security, livelihoods, and economic development across the world but more importantly in developing countries. Being primarily based on rural production systems, the sector supports livelihoods of around 86% of the world’s rural population. Many of the world’s 500 million smallholder producers still live in poverty and face multiple challenges such as disruptions from climate change events, meeting increasing demand for food from growing populations, and...
Sectoral guide: Cities, buildings and urban systems
September 2021
With more than two thirds of the global population expected to reside in cities by the 2050, as explained by the United Nations, urbanization offers both unprecedented risks and opportunities with respect to the global response to climate change. The IPCC has concluded that cities and urban infrastructure are one of four critical global systems that are key to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and limiting long-term global warming levels to less than 1.5°C above pre-industrial...
Thematic brief: Climate resilient infrastructure
August 2021
Infrastructure is key to many sectors including transportation, telecommunications, water, and energy, and it plays an important role within agriculture and health. Strong interdependencies mean that damages to a single infrastructure asset may cause a ‘domino effect’ of failures across systems. These damages have increasingly been caused by more extreme weather events linked to climate change – leading to billions of dollars of repair, loss of life and security for millions of people around...
Thematic brief: Forests and land use
May 2021
Forests are crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing climate change adaptation. Healthy forests are more resilient to climate impacts. However, forest cover loss continues rapidly, contributing approximately 13 per cent of annual global net carbon emissions, mostly related to tropical deforestation and unsustainable forest management. Financing forest conservation and restoration is difficult because many forest benefits are not monetized. Financial incentives of activities...