South African smallholder farmers rely on rainfall, made more erratic by climate change, and lack access to climate-risk informed agricultural advisory services to enhance their adaptive capacity. The impacts of increased temperatures and variable rainfall, and recently the COVID-19 pandemic, are exacerbating existing vulnerabilities at the smallholder level, where agriculture is a vital source of livelihoods. The proposed project will adopt a participatory, action-learning approach using nature-based solutions to enhance the resilience of smallholder farmers in vulnerable catchments in the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape, Mpumalanga and possibly Limpopo in South Africa. This will be achieved through: i) providing tailored climate information and services through the development of a Multi-Hazard Early Warning System; ii) using nature-based solutions to transform smallholder farming systems to adapt to climate impacts and sustain adaptation investments; and iii) developing cross-cutting capacity to embed and upscale transformative adaptation approaches.